Defects in joints during fusion welding of metals

Defects in joints during fusion welding of metals These defects arise due to non-compliance with regulatory requirements for welding materials, assembly and welding of the parts being joined, and mechanical and heat treatment of welded joints. Depending on the violation of certain rules and conditions for high-quality welding, corresponding defects appear. In addition to the external deterioration of the weld's visual appearance, defects also include air or slag pockets in the weld.

Defects in joints during fusion welding of metals are classified into six groups:

• Cracks;
• Pores, cavities;
• Poor penetration and welds;
• Solid inclusions;
• Distortion of the seam shape;
• Other defects that are not immediately noticeable, such as burns.

The defects listed above may appear individually or in multiples within a single weld. The number and severity of such defects depend on the number of welding rules and standards violated, as well as the quality of the equipment and the experience of the welder.

Defects in joints during fusion welding of metals - the main causes and methods of combating them

Despite the large number of potential defects, fusion welding is an excellent method for joining parts. To completely eliminate or minimize weld defects, strict compliance with all process requirements set by GOST and ISO standards is ensured.

Measures are also being taken to improve welders' qualifications, with specialized training courses and classes organized. To reduce defects and weld quality issues, it is also important to maintain equipment in good condition and use high-quality consumables. The main causes of defects include the following:

• Low quality of equipment;
• Low quality of consumables (wire, electrodes, gas, etc.);
• Low qualification or lack of experience of the welder;
• Violation of the rules for performing fusion welding (slag is melted in, parts are inconveniently positioned, etc.);
• Low quality of metal of welded parts (corrosion, oxides, paint residues, etc.).

Accordingly, in order to defects in joints during fusion welding of metals were reduced or tended to zero, it is necessary to take into account the reasons for the emergence of deficiencies described above and take appropriate measures when violations are identified.