Foundry iron

Foundry iron — is an iron alloy containing silicon and carbon, as well as the ever-present impurities of Mn, P, and S. All the carbon in the material is in the form of graphite, which forms a plate. This cast iron has a gray color when fractured, and the color factor is influenced by the graphite contained in the alloy. cast iron They call it gray, therefore /gray cast iron/ and cast iron are practically the same alloy.

This metal is a key alloy in mechanical engineering. Gray cast iron is called "foundry cast iron" due to its excellent casting properties; it has good fluidity and, therefore, fills casting molds well.

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Composition of cast iron

Chemical composition of cast iron Affects the quality of castings. Carbon, which is present in cast iron in the form of graphite, carbide, and tempering carbon, has a very significant impact. When graphite is present in large quantities, it loosens the cast iron and makes it soft. When graphite concentrations exceed 2.5%, the strength and toughness of the metal decrease. Consequently, the alloy will be unsuitable for casting.

Silicon displaces carbon from its iron bond, resulting in the formation of graphite. High silicon content prevents carbon saturation. Cast iron composition Manganese, which contains manganese, derives some of its properties from this inclusion. Manganese increases hardness but makes the casting brittle, making it an unnecessary impurity. However, this element protects iron and other impurities from oxidation.

Chemical composition of cast iron It also contains phosphorus, which plays a key role in imparting specific qualities and properties to the alloy. It imparts exceptional hardness to the cast iron while reducing elasticity and unnecessary toughness. For cast iron to have sufficient strength, no more than 0.31 Tp3T of phosphorus is required. Phosphorus increases the cast iron's good fusibility, allowing for more precise casting and a smoother surface. Sulfur prevents carbon saturation and slows the formation of graphite.

Cast iron composition, Iron containing sulfur may lose some of its fusibility. With high sulfur content, it becomes thick and therefore poorly fills molds. Therefore, material with high sulfur content is not used for thin casting. The chemical composition of the finished casting depends on the initial composition of the iron.

Properties of cast iron

Main properties of cast iron - Good casting properties, smooth flow, and low volumetric shrinkage. Parts made of this metal are insensitive to external stress under periodic loads, and the degree of vibration absorption, when vibration is high, is 2-4 times higher than that of steel. Also thanks to graphite properties of cast iron They have good antifriction properties, which improves the performance of the part. However, graphite inclusions in the alloy make it brittle. These inclusions resemble numerous cuts in the cast metal.

 Nickel, as an alloying element, has a good effect on properties of cast ironIt enhances corrosion resistance and improves alloy processing. Copper graphitizes carbon, significantly increasing the metal's fluidity, strength, and sufficient hardness. The melting point depends on the chemical composition of the material and can range from 1130 to 1350 degrees Celsius.

Main markings according to GOST for cast iron:

• L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,
• L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,
• LR5, LR6, LR7.